奥地利学派

发布时间:2023-04-08 12:24:39

奥地利学派奥地利学派是一种经济学派,源自19世纪末的奥地利维也纳大学经济学系,20世纪30年代后延续至美国等地。

奥地利学派的代表人物包括了卡尔·门格尔、欧根·博姆-巴维克、弗里德里克·哈耶克、路德维希·冯·米塞斯等。
该学派的基本理念是对自由市场经济进行捍卫,并强调市场在资源分配中的作用。具体来说,奥地利学派认为:
1.资本主义下的自由市场可以在保护私有财产的前提下,实现资源自然流动、自主价格形成,达到最优资源配置。
2.自由市场经济下的信息是分散且异构的,每个个体都可以通过自身的判断力来做出最符合自身利益的决策。
3.政府干预市场的行为往往会扰乱市场信号,对经济造成负面影响。
4.竞争是推动市场良性发展、促进企业持续改进和创新的关键要素。
5.货币政策的贬值会导致通货膨胀,进而影响经济的稳定和增长。
除了以上理念外,奥地利学派还提出了较具争议的经济周期理论。该理论认为,经济周期是由私人银行家以信贷创造的方式引发的,在经济过度膨胀时,投资出现偏差,从而引发经济衰退。该理论引起了众多批评,但也得到了许多支持者。

The basic idea of this school is to defend the free market economy and emphasize the role of the market in the allocation of resources. Specifically, the Austrian school believes that
. 1. The free market under capitalism can achieve the natural flow of resources, the formation of independent prices and the optimal allocation of resources on the premise of protecting private property.
. two。. In a free market economy, information is decentralized and heterogeneous, and each individual can make decisions that are most in line with their own interests through their own judgment.
. 3. Government intervention in the market often disturbs market signals and has a negative impact on the economy.
. 4. Competition is the key factor to promote the healthy development of the market and promote the continuous improvement and innovation of enterprises.
. 5. The devaluation of monetary policy will lead to inflation, which in turn affects the stability and growth of the economy.